2026: A Year of Turbulence

  “ When the music stops, in terms of liquidity, things will be complicated. But as long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance. We’re still dancing.”

                          Chuck Prince, Citigroup CEO, July 2007

 

Before discussing the outlook for 2026, I would like to review what we got wrong and what we got right about 2025. (See: https://shulmaven.blogspot.com/2024/12/2025-revenge-of-bond-vigilantes.html )

 

·       Yet again we were wrong about the stock market. Instead of the S&P 500 trading in a 6400-5500 range stocks traded between 6900- 4900 and closing at the top of the range. We thought stocks would end the year lower.

·       We were right about inflation running at 3% annual rate. The year-over-year change in the CPI of 2.7% reported for November will be revised higher to correct data errors.

·       We were right about tariffs and the mass deportations of illegal/undocumented immigrants.

·       We were wrong about the 10-Year U.S. Treasury yield exceeding 5%. The yield peaked early at 4.79% and trended lower towards 4%.

·       We were mostly correct about the passage of the Trump tax cuts thinking that the 2017 cuts would be extended and the SALT deduction would increase to $20,000, it turned out to be $40,000 with an income cap. We were wrong about other aspects of the Trump tax package that passed. (i.e., no tax on tips and overtime)

·       We were wrong about Congress taking down two Trump cabinet appointees.

·       We were right about Israel attacking Iran’s nuclear infrastructure.

·       We were right about France being on the road to becoming the new Greece.

 

Because I am a glutton for punishment here are my thoughts about 2026.

 

·       Inflation will run hotter than what the market expects. It will end the year at a 4% run rate. The combination of fiscal stimulus, monetary ease and AI capital spending will propel inflation higher. 3% will be the new 2%.

·       The yield on the 30-year U.S. Treasury bond will approach 5.5% causing both the Treasury and the new Trump Fed to institute a policy of yield curve control. It has already started with the Fed buying $40 billion of T-Bills a month through April and the Treasury swapping long term bonds for T-Bills.

·       Gold will surge past $5,000/ounce.

·       Stocks will trade in a broad 7500-5500 trading range and close down by more than 10%. The $310 of S&P 500 estimated earnings will not be enough to levitate stock prices. Put simply, the time to dance will soon be over.

·       NVDIA margins will take a big hit late in the year as competition forces price cutting. (See: https://shulmaven.blogspot.com/2025/12/the-economic-obsolescence-to-nvidia-gpus.html )

·       The Democrats will seize control of the House gaining anywhere between 15-40 seats and could very well take the Senate. Just to note the last time one party controlled all three branches of government was 2003-2006 inclusive and before that it was 1977-1980 inclusive. Americans like divided government. I would also point out that in wave elections partisan redistricting actually hurts rather than helps. ( See: https://shulmaven.blogspot.com/2018/07/gerrymandering-wont-save-republicans-in.html )

·       The Minnesota Medicaid scandal will reach into the offices of Governor Tim Walz and Congresswoman Ilhan Omar.

·       Israel will again attack Iran’s nuke and missile infrastructure.

·       Khamenei will meet his virgins in the sky and Maduro will be out.

 

As usual I end with I am often wrong, but never in doubt.

Donald Trump (National Socialist*)

President Donald Trump is nominally a Republican, but in reality, he is putting us on the road to an American version of the national socialism of the 1930’s. Domestically he is attempting to seize the commanding heights of the economy by taking ownership positions in Intel and U.S. Steel and by taking a 15% cut from NVIDIA’s sales to China. ( https://shulmaven.blogspot.com/2025/07/on-road-to-serfdom.html ) Remember that under national socialism businesses remain under private ownership but are under the control of the government. This is a far cry from capitalism. 

 

Further Trump is challenging the independence of the Federal Reserve by demanding the removal of Lisa Cook from the board for allegedly committing mortgage fraud. How did this come about? His minion Bill Pulte, the director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, pulled the mortgage of files of Lisa Cook as well as the files from such Trump adversaries as New York Attorney General Letitia James and Senator Adam Schiff. Let us be clear, this was no accident and soon the IRS and other federal agencies will get into the act.

 

To enhance his powers domestically Trump has appointed his cronies in the Justice Department, the F.B.I., the regulatory agencies and on the courts. Indeed, one of his private attorneys, Todd Blanche is now a deputy attorney general, and another, Eric Bove, was just confirmed to the Court of Appeals. Perhaps more serious is that he has purged a host of officers in the military and the CIA who might be more loyal to the constitution than to him. A defining feature of national socialism is loyalty to the leader, not to the law.

 

In keeping with his national socialist tendencies Trump is in the process of establishing a 150,000-member national police force in the form of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers. These officers could at the stoke of a pen be empowered to engage in broader law enforcement activity and unlike the military they would not be subject to the strictures of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. Indeed, Trump seems to be using the military in violation of that act anyway. Meantime many U.S. citizens have been caught up in the roundup of illegal immigrants.

 

Internationally Trump through his tariff policies is attempting to turn the open economy of the United States into more of an autarky where domestic production would be sheltered from international competition. In imposing his tariff regime Trump ignored Congress which has near exclusive power over tariffs and taxation. Trump has now lost twice the courts on his tariffs; and it will soon be up to the Supreme Court to rule on them. Further Trump has imposed punitive tariffs on our allies all while cozying up to dictators Putin and Xi. This all part of the national socialist playbook. It might be stretch, but could there be a Trump, Putin, Xi axis?

 

All the while the moral eunuchs of the Republican Party have either cheered Trump on or silently acquiesced. ( See from 2019:  https://shulmaven.blogspot.com/2019/02/the-republican-moral-eunuchs-and.html ) Similarly, fearful of retaliation, the business community has remained silent and bowed to his wishes. Thus, in eight short months Trump has seized control of a good part of the economy and the security apparatus of the state.

 

To be sure this not the first time the U.S. experimented with national socialism in peacetime. In 1933 President Roosevelt used the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to take control of a good part of the economy. Fortunately, the NIRA was declared unconstitutional in 1935 and the RFC withered away. Let us hope the Supreme Court does the same thing to Trump’s tariffs.

 

Later in 1971 President Nixon imposed a system of price, wage, rent and dividend controls on the entire economy. Nixon also used the IRS against his enemies and spied on his political opponents. The Nixon controls expired in early 1973 and he was impeached in 1974. Say what you will about Nixon; he respected the process. I doubt that can be said of Trump. In 2009 President Obama temporarily took control of the banking and automobile industries.

 

To conclude Trump is in the process of creating an American version of national socialism. I am not going to use the polite words of state capitalism or American Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics. Forewarned is forearmed!

 

*- The reference to national socialism is derived from Germany’s Nazi Party. The official name of the Nazi Party was Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei  or NSDAP which in English is the National Socialist German Workers Party. The Italian version of national socialism was called Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF which in English is the National Fascist Party.

My Review* of Chris Miller's "Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology"

 Chips: The New Oil

 

Tufts professor Chris Miller makes a strong case that computer chips have become to the 21st century what oil was to the 20th century in terms of global politics. Computer chips are now ubiquitous and have uncountable applications in industry, consumer products and military hardware. We found that out when pandemic related supply shortages shut down production in a host of industries.

 

Miller plows over old ground with his discussion of the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947 to the co-invention of the integrated circuit in 1956 by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Bob Noyce who would go on to lead Intel. He then goes on to discuss the “traitorous eight” who bail out of Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968 to for what was to become the Intel behemoth. They all wanted to get rich.

 

The government plays a major role in supporting the industry. The need to reduce the weight of the Minuteman missile sent the Pentagon scurrying to buy integrated circuits from Texas Instruments. As the Cold War heats up more and more integrated circuits find their way into military hardware. I remember in 1967 when I was working for Litton Industries, I first noticed integrated circuits appearing in airborne guidance and control systems.

 

Not mentioned in the book, Texas Instruments benefited from the Kennedy/Johnson White Houses sending defense contracts to Texas and New England. Silicon Valley in California was left out in the cold, but more than compensated by going after the lucrative civilian market. 

 

To me most interesting was the role of Texas Instruments engineer Morris Chang who invented chip production processes. When he was passed over to be president of the company he moves to Taiwan and is instrumental in establishing Taiwan Semiconductor, now the largest manufacturer of chips in the world. Who knows what would have become of Texas Instruments if he became its president.

 

It is Morris Chang who makes Taiwan a semiconductor powerhouse and that is the reason why most of the world’s chips are made there today. Being located 100 miles from China is not exactly the safest place in world to manufacture this critical commodity. It is for this reason there now is a move to diversify production to other sources including the huge U.S. government subsidies now being funneled into the domestic chip industry.

 

Because both the Russians and the Chinese understand how critical computer chips they established their own industries. The Russians did what they do best which was to copy the west, but with the technology advancing so quickly that became a failing strategy. China, on the other hand, is making a huge investment in their own chip industry to wean their economy’s dependence on western made chips and equipment. In case of the latter there was a story today where Chinese spies obtained secrets from ASML, the Dutch monopoly supplier of extreme ultraviolet lithography equipment. Their machines are essential in the manufacture of chips and cost $100 million apiece.

 

The saddest part of the book is Miller recounting the decline of Intel. It seems the bean counters took over from the engineers. In 2008 Intel turned down Steve Jobs’ offer to them to make chips for the I-Phone ceding the market to Qualcomm. Thus, Intel was nowhere in communication chips and it is being rapidly displaced in the server market by graphics processing chips being made by NVIDIA and AMD.

 

Miller’s book reads like a fast-paced business thriller. There are great anecdotes and reader will learn much about what will shape geopolitics this decade and beyond.

*-Amazon has yet to post this review. The review was just posted 2:23MST at            Chips: The New Oil (amazon.com) 

 

My Amazon Review of Bruce Greenwald's et.al. "Value Investing: From Graham to Buffett and Beyond" 2nd. Ed.

 

In Search of Value

 

As a value investor, I have the highest respect for Bruce Greenwald and his colleagues. Unfortunately, in recent years value investing has failed to live up to its billing. Indeed, over the past two decades Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway has performed roughly inline with the S&P 500. (I am a shareholder.) My history with value investing goes back to reading Graham & Dodd in 1964 while attending Baruch College. Further I own the classic 1940 edition of that book and Greenwald’s first edition of this book. Nevertheless, I did find my way to owning Microsoft, Apple, and Alphabet.

 

Nevertheless, Greenwald’s new book is worth a careful read. He is very wise in dismissing modern portfolio theory’s Beta as a measure of risk. Why? The beta measure of risk is independent of stock price. He is also very cautious about using discounted cash flow over long periods of time because the results are extremely sensitive to small changes in the discount and growth rates.

 

Greenwald plows over old ground in his discussion using net reproducible assets and earning power as a method for determining value. He then goes one step further by introducing franchise value into his valuation paradigm. Simply put franchise value is created by the ability of a firm to earn significantly higher returns over its cost of capital over a sustained period. Those returns arise from the existence of a protective “moat” around its businesses. Greenwald also recognizes that over time a firm’s franchise value can decline, and he thus introduces a decay factor to account for this factor.

 

The question arises is why hasn’t value investing been successful in recent years. There are at least two explanations. First is that the economy has shifted from tangible asset based to intangible asset based. That means GAAP accounting does not put on the balance sheet such intangibles as trademarks, patents organizational efficiency and research and development platforms. Greenwald adjusts for these factors, but there is higher error term surrounding the valuation of intangibles than tangibles. Second the Fed’s zero interest rate policy coupled with quantitative easing has likely distorted many of the historical metrics defining value.

 

The book was written before Berkshire Hathaway made its $735 million investment in Snowflake, a cloud computing software company. At Berkshire’s price, the company was valued at $34 billion and had trailing twelve months revenue of just under $500 million. Whatever one can say it is hard to make a valuation case for this company. Nevertheless, the stock more than doubled after Berkshire’s IPO purchase.

 

Greenwald has a very long discussion about Intel, the semiconductor giant, which at times in its history represented true value. He blames Intel’s recent problems on value destroying acquisitions. That is true in part, but Intel’s real problems run deeper. Its franchise value has deteriorated as it vaunted R&D operation failed to keep up with advances made by Applied Micro Devices, Nvidia and Apple. Moreover, its edge in manufacturing disappeared as Samsung and Taiwan Semiconductor surpassed it in the production of the latest generation of chips. In other words, Intel’s “moat” was paved over by competition despite its spending 19% and 22% of revenue on R&D and capital spending in 2019, respectively.

 

An added attraction of the book is that it includes vignettes from star value investors as Warren Buffett, Mario Gabelli, and Seth Klarman, among others. I read the book in the Kindle version; given the number of tables, it would have been an easier read in the hardback version.

 

Lastly, I recently started a position in a stock that currently trades at 10 times earnings and is trading at or below in my estimate, the reproduction costs of its assets. So, hope springs eternal and I will close with the opening quote that Graham & Dodd used in their classic text “Security Analysis: Principles and Technique,” from Horace’s Ars Poetica, “Many shall be restored that now are fallen and many Shall fall that now are in honor.”

For the full Amazon URL see: In Search of Value (amazon.com)